Magento 2: The „componentType“ configuration parameter is required for the „…“ component. when adding a design config option

When adding a design config option to Magento 2 Admin and you get the error message

The „componentType“ configuration parameter is required for the „…“ component.

make sure, that all the field names in your configuration match:

# grep -r email_logo_height vendor/magento/module-*
vendor/magento/module-email/etc/di.xml:                <item name="email_logo_height" xsi:type="array">
vendor/magento/module-email/view/adminhtml/ui_component/design_config_form.xml:            <field name="email_logo_height" formElement="input">
vendor/magento/module-email/view/adminhtml/ui_component/design_config_form.xml:                    <dataScope>email_logo_height</dataScope>

Magento merges Metadata from di.xml into the UiComponent configuration. The error message means Magento did not find the correct node in di.xml, and therefore creates another field. The newly created field does not have an equivalent in the design_config_form.xml and finally leads to the error.